Baptists who started other movements....

There is the strange case of Sidney Rigdon, who was ordained in a Baptist church in Ohio in 1820. He pastored the FBC in Pittsburgh, which split after Rigdon began espousing the views of Alexander Campbell. He helped write the preface for Campbell's "A Debate on Christian Baptism," but he broke with Campbell after Campbell opposed Rigdon's plan for communal living.

Rigdon joined the Mormons in 1831 and became a top adviser to Joseph Smith and helped work on Smith's new Bible translation and the Pearl of Great Price. He is credited with developing a good deal of Mormon theology and practice, but he lost out in the power struggle after Smith's death and moved with some followers back to Pennsylvania, where he founded a Church of Christ, which soon folded. He lated founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Children of Zion, which lasted a couple of decades.

 

To add to rlvaughn's comments, C.H. Mason, founder of the Church of God in Christ, was originally a Missionary Baptist. Eudorus N. Bell, a former Southern Baptist pastor, was primary founder of the Assemblies of God.

The Keswick Movement, to my understanding, was largely influenced by the American Holiness movement and in turn came back across the Pond.

As to the Free Will Pentecostal Baptists — given an Arminian theology and a Wesleyan view of sanctification, it is only another step to Pentecostalism. (Not one that was always taken, however; Holiness influence continued — and still continues — within the larger Baptist world, and some Holiness groups — such as the Church of the Nazarene and the Wesleyan Church — did not go down the Pentecostal path.)

 

A good many Baptists consider Campbell never to have been a Baptist at all.

Some Campbell adherents concur — "He was never in full faith and fellowship with the Baptist Church. He was baptized by a Baptist preacher and affiliated in a rather loose way with the Baptist Church while he was groping in darkness. But soon the light of God's truth dawned upon his soul and he ignored the claims of the Baptist Church upon him and pursued a course independent of the Baptist Church," wrote biographer H. Leo Boles — although he initially accepted the identity — as biographer Errett Gates said, "To all intents and purposes Campbell became a Baptist and deliberately and frankly accepted the denominational status which it gave him."

Briefly, he was a Presbyterian who broke with Presbyterianism and was baptized by a Baptist minister; his Brush Run Church later was received into the Redstone Baptist Association. It was not a happy sojourn. His teaching on baptism, Christology and regeneration — in particular — caused immense dissension within the Baptist ranks: Some associations split over Campbell's Restoration movement, while others were taken over entirely.

The Redstone Association disfellowshipped Campbell and his father in 1824, and in 1830 it specified that the action was "on account of being erroneous in doctrine, maintaining, namely, the essential derivation and inferiority of the true and proper Deity of Christ and the Spirit; that faith in Christ is only a belief of historical facts, recorded in the Scriptures, rejecting and deriding what is commonly called Christian experience; that there is no operation of the Spirit on the hearts of men, since the days of Pentecost, &c." For their part, Campbell's followers say they separated from their Baptist association in Kentucky in 1830.

In 1832, Campbell's "Disciples of Christ" united with Barton Stone's "Christians" to form the Disciples of Christ (Christian Church.) In 1906, the Campbell followers became the Churches of Christ and descendants of the Stone faction became the Disciples of Christ. The Disciples split again in the 20th century; the Christian Church/Churches of Christ left over what they saw as increasing denominationalism within the Disciples.

The Campbell branch of Restoration movement (as the Stone-Campbell movement calls itself) caused bad blood between the Churches of Christ and the Baptists, and some of the wounds have not yet healed.

As the Dover Baptist Association in Virginia said in 1832:

 

They reject that God predestines one to be eternally saved or lost.

There are many other points of division, some large, some small. The movement is not monolithic; leaders (such as Campbell and Lipscombe) have argued over different basic doctrines, even baptism.

 

I would hesitate to recommend any biography; Campbell was a polarizing figure, and many books about him are written from one bias or the other. There is a wealth of information on the Web.

Campbell's influence was particularly strong in Kentucky, but he made his mark throughout the west. Leon McBeth, in The Baptist Heritage,said historians estimate at least half of Baptist churches in Kentucky joined the Disciples. But it wasn't only Kentucky; the First Baptist Church of Nashville became a Church of Christ, and the entire Mahoning Association in Ohio went over to the Restorationists.

 

According to the Watchman Fellowship, yes he was a Baptist pastor. Read more in on the link about DR. Carl Stevens