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Today in Military History 1 Jan - 31 Mar

Discussion in 'Vets and Friends' started by Salty, Jan 1, 2022.

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  1. Salty

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    1776 Americans begin shelling British troops in Boston
    1807 Congress bans the importation of slaves effective Jan 1, 1808
    1836 Texas declares independence from Mexico [See Births, 1793]
    1859 Paddle steamer USS 'Saginaw' commissioned, the first American warship built on the West Coast, at Mare Island
    1867 Congress abolishes peonage in New Mexico
    1867 First Reconstruction Act passed by Congress
    1867 The James gang robs a bank in Savannah, Mo, 1 k
    1867 US Navy Civil Engineering Corps founded
    1938 15th Infantry leaves China after 26 years in garrison at Tientsin & Peking.
    1942 Action South of Java: USS 'Pillsbury' (DD-227) sunk by Japanese heavy cruisers
    1943 Battle of the Bismarck Sea: Japanese convoy attacked by USAAF aircraft
    1944 Philippines: US troops capture Momote on Los Negros

    BORN
    1793 Samuel P. Houston, President of Texas (1836-38, 1841-44)
    1824 Henry Beebee Carrington, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1912
    1828 Jefferson Columbus Davis, Brig Gen, U.S., unindicted murderer of Maj.Gen. William "Bull" Nelson, d. 1879
    1829 Carl Schurz, "Red '48-er", Maj Gen, U.S., Senator, d. 1906 at 77
    1904 "Dr. Seuss" -, who fought Nazis with a pen, and amused generations of children, d. 1991
    1932 Frank Peterson, USMC aviator and general, d. 2015

    DIED
    1939 Howard Carter, 64, who found Tut's tomb in 1922, allegedly dead by an ancient curse, albeit a slow acting one
    1977 Edgar Mowrer, Pulitzer Prize-winning American journalist and author, at 84 -- Learn More
    1987 Randolph Scott, 89, AEF mortarman, actor ("Gung Ho!")
    2015 Dean Hess, 97, USAF "Flying Preacher" with 300 combat missions
     
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    1776 the Continental Navy captured Nassau in the Bahamas -- Learn More
    1789 U.S. Constitution goes into effect
    1814 Battle of Longwood: Americans defeat the British, near Wardsville, Ontario.
    1861 CSA adopts the "Stars & Bars" as a national flag
    1877 Five-times wounded veteran Rutherford B Hayes inaugurated as president
    1881 Former Maj Gen James A Garfield inaugurated as president
    1885 Draft-dodger Grover Cleveland becomes 20th president
    1889 Bvt Brig Gen. Benjamin Harrison inaugurated as 21st president
    1893 Draft-dodger Grover Cleveland becomes 22nd president
    1897 Bvt Maj William McKinley inaugurated as 23rd president
    1924 The U.S.S. 'Arizona' (BB 39), anchored in the North River off W. 103rd St for Fleet Week -- Learn More
    1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt is inaugurated as 32nd President
    1942 USS 'Enterprise' (CV-6) raids Marcus Island
    1942 2 Japanese flying boats, refueled by sub at French Frigate Shoal, raid Oahu
    1943 Battle of the Bismarck Sea ends: Japanese lost 12 ships, thousands of men.
    1944 Responding to reports that Japanese troops cursed his name during a banzai attack, Babe Ruth takes to the streets of New York to help raise money for the Red Cross
    1945 Princess Elizabeth of England (later Queen Elizabeth II), 18, joins the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service as a driver.
    1945 US Army Air Force B-24s accidentally bomb Zurich
    1991 Gulf War: Iraq releases P/Ws -- 6 US, 3 British, & 1 Italian

    BORN

    1798 John Joseph Abercrombie, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1877
    1826 John Buford, Maj Gen, U.S., who opened the ball at Gettysburg, d. 1863
    1828 Elisha Franklin "Bull" Paxton, Brig Gen, C.S.A., kia, Chancellorsville, 1863
    1864 David W. Taylor, sailor, naval architect, invented model towing basin, d. 1940

    DIED

    1858 Commo Matthew C. Perry, 63, who opened Japan
    1883 Alexander Hamilton Stephens, 71, sometime Vice-President of the Confederate States of America
    1906 John McAllister Schofield, 74, soldier, Secretary of War
     
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    1770 The Boston Massacre
    1821 Veteran James Monroe is inaugurated as the 5th president, having postponing the ceremony by one day to avoid the Sabbath
    1863 Battle of Thompson's Station, TN
    1864 the 20th U.S. Colored Infantry Regiment received its colors in Union Square, NY
    1906 First Battle of Bud Dajo: U.S. troops inflict a devastating defeat on the Moros of Jolo, the Philippines
    1943 USS 'Grampus' (SS-207) is probably sunk in Blackett Strait, Solomon Islands
    1944 Admiralty Is: U.S. Navy ships bombard Manus
    1945 US VII Corps captures Cologne
    1946 Winston Churchill makes his "Iron Curtain" speech, Fulton, Mo -- Learn More
    1960 Elvis is honorably discharged from the US Army -- Learn More

    BORN

    1825 John Dunovant, Brig Gen, C.S.A., KIA 1864
    1853 Howard Pyle, illustrator ("The Pirates"), d. 1911
    1924 Christopher Hibbert, soldier with the Military Cross, historian - "Il Duce," "Garibaldi & His Enemies," d. 2008
    1934 Sidney Shachnow, Lithuanian-born, Jewish Holocaust survivor, later Green Beret legend, Commander, U.S. Army-Berlin, and Maj. Gen., US, d. 2018
    1942 The US Navy Seabees

    DIED
    1953 Josef V Stalin, Soviet dictator (c. 1926-1953), mass murderer, in bed at 73 -- Learn More
     
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    1822 USS 'Enterprise' captures four pirate ships in the Gulf of Mexico
    1831 Edgar Allen Poe is expelled from West Point
    1836 Santa Anna's Mexicans storm the Alamo, after a 13 day siege -- Learn More
    1836 After a thirteen day siege, Mexican troops stormed the Alamo of San Antonio -- Learn More
    1861 Confederate Congress calls for 100,000 volunteers - a month before Ft. Sumter
    1865 Battle of Natural Bridge, Florida
    1916 Pancho Villa raids Columbus, NM, 17 die
    1918 USN collier 'Cyclops' disappears at sea, inspiring many woo-woo theories
    1943 Solomons: U.S. ships sink two Japanese DDs off Vila.
    1944 USAAF begins daylight bombing of Berlin
    1944 William Patrick Hitler, Der Führer’s nephew, enlisted in the U.S. Navy.
    1945 Luzon: 1st Cav Div is relieved by the 43rd Inf Div.
    1947 XB-35, 4-engine flying wing propellor bomber, makes its 1st test flight, Muroc, CA
    1966 Barry Sadler's "Ballad of the Green Berets" hits #1 (On the charts 13 weeks)
    1967 Selective Service System orders induction of Muhammad Ali
    1967 Stalin's daughter Svetlana Allilujeva seeks political asylum in US
    1970 Explosion at a Weather Underground bomb-making operation in a house in Greenwich Village, 3 terrorists die
    1990 SR-71 sets a transcontinental record, 2,404 miles in 1:08:17

    BORN
    1820 Horatio Gouverneur Wright, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1899
    1831 Philip "Little Phil" Sheridan, Gen, U.S., d. 1888
    1835 Charles Ewing, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1883
    1923 Ed McMahon, Marine aviator, California Air Guardsman, TV personality, d. 2008

    DIED
    1836 Jim Bowie (39), William Barret Travis (26), James Butler Bonham (29), David Crockett (49), & c. 200 other Texians
    1932 John Philip Sousa, soldier, sailor, marine, bandmaster, composer, at 77
    1933 Mayor Anton J Cermak of Chicago, 59, wounded Feb 15 by an assassin who was trying to kill FDR.
    1984 Martin Niemöller, WW I U-boat skipper, anti-Nazi clergyman, at 92
     
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    1774 British close the port of Boston to all commerce
    1778 USS 'Randolph' (32 guns) blows up fighting HMS 'Yarmouth' (64), c. 310 die
    1850 D Webster endorses the "Compromise of 1850" as necessary to avoid civil war
    1862 Battle of Pea Ridge/Elkhorn Tavern: Samuel Curtis' Yanks defeat Earl Van Dorn's Rebs (6th-7th)
    1876 Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for the telephone
    1936 Hitler breaks the Treaty of Versailles, sends troops into the Rhineland, and the Allies fail to act
    1941 Lt. Gen. Walter Short assumed command of the Hawaiian Department -- Learn More
    1942 First black cadets graduate from the USAAF flying school at Tuskegee
    1943 Japanese refuse a German request to join war against Russia..
    1945 Troops of the US 9th Armored Div, commanded by German-American Lt. Karl Timmerman, captured the Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine at Remagen
    1974 Wreck of the USS 'Monitor' is located off Cape Hatteras

    BORN

    1707 Stephen Hopkins, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1785
    1827 Henry DeLamar Clayton, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1889
    1831 John Bratton, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1898
    1832 Orlando Metcalfe Poe, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895
    1885 John Cronyn Tovey was born, later Admiral of the Fleet, Baron Tovey, d. 1971 -- Learn More
    1885 Admiral of the Fleet, Baron Tovey, John Cronyn Tovey, at 85 -- Learn More

    DIED
    1862 Brig. Gen. Ben McCulloch, CSA, 49, kia, Pea Ridge/Elkhorn Tavern
    1862 Brig. Gen. McIntosh, CSA, c. 34, kia, Pea Ridge/Elkhorn Tavern
    1999 Stanley Kubrick, director ("Paths of Glory"), b. 1928
     
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    1861 Union troops capture St Augustine, Fl.
    1862 Battle of Hampton Roads I: CSS 'Virginia' & gunboats sink two sailing frigates, threatening the Union blockade -- Learn More
    1865 Battle of Kingston/Wilcox's Ridge/Wise's Forks, NC
    1865 The Confederacy adopts a new flag, adding a red band along the fly of the "Stainless Banner"
    1915 The old cruiser 'Baltimore' (C-3) is recommissioned as a minelayer (CM-1), the first in the USN
    1950 First woman medical officer assigned to a US naval vessel: B R Walters
    1950 USSR announces they have developed the atomic bomb
    1958 'Wisconsin' (BB-64) decommissioned; for the first time in 62 years the USN has no battleships in commission
    1965 Vietnam: First US combat troops arrive (3,500 Marines)

    BORN
    1799 Simon Cameron, crooked SecWar (1861-1862), d. 1889
    1836 Matthew Calbraith Butler, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1909
    1841 Oliver W Holmes Jr., one of those "touched by fire", Supreme Court Justice, d. 1935
    1891 Sam Jaffe, actor ("Gunga Din"), d. 1984
    2004 Muhammad Zaidan, 55, also known as Abu 'Abbas or Muhammad ‘Abbas, founder of the PLO, professional terrorist, d. in US custody in Iraq

    DIED
    1862 Nathaniel Gordon, c. 28, slave smuggler, hanged in New York
    1874 Millard Fillmore, militiaman, President (1850-53), at 74 -- Learn More
    1889 John Ericsson, 85, designer of the 'Monitor'
    1916 Fred T. Jane, 50, military journalist, Sciencefictioneer, game designer -- "Jane's Fighting Ships," "The Naval War Game"
    1930 William Howard Taft, 72, President (1909-1913), SecWar (1904-1908), Chief Justice (1921-1930)
    1996 Lt Col John "Mad Jack" or "Fighting Jack" Churchill, DSO, MC, 89, who fought WW II with a longbow, claymore, & bagpipes
    2013 Mildred Dalton Manning, 98, Army Nurse, last surviving "Angel of Corregidor"
    2013 Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist, 90, German officer, anti-Hitler conspirator, last surviving veteran of the "July Plot"
     
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    1798 Dr George Balfour is appointed the first surgeon in the USN
    1861 Confederate Congress authorizes paper currency in bills of $50, $100, $500, & $1,000
    1862 Battle of Hampton Roads II: USS 'Monitor' fights CSS 'Virginia' to a draw, preserving the blockade
    1864 Ulysses S. Grant promoted to lieutenant general and commanding general
    1924 Italy annexes Fiume
    1942 Ernest J. King, COMMINCH U.S. Fleet, is also named CNO -- Learn More
    1945 US B-29s drop 1,665 tons of incendiaries on Tokyo, creating a firestorm; by dawn on the 10th c. 80,000-120,000 have died, the highest toll in a single air raid, exceeding even the atomic bombs

    BORN
    1454 Amerigo Vespucci, explorer, d. 1512
    1773 Isaac Hull, USN, who commanded the 'Constitution' in her fight with HMS ' Guerriere',
    1839 Felix Robertson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., the only Texas-born general in the Civil War. d. 1928
    1922 Hiroo Onoda, later a Japanese Army officer, who did not surrender until 1974, on his 52nd birthday, d. 2014
    1959 Barbie
    1970 Melissa Rathburn-Nealy, American soldier, POW, Iraq, 1991

    DIED
    1949 Walter Short, 68, sometime Commander, Hawaiian Department, who didn't understand the words "war warning" -- Learn More
    2005 Redmond A. Simonsen, innovative wargamer, S&T art director, at 62
     
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    1783 John Barry's USS 'Alliance' takes HMS 'Sybil'
    1849 Lincoln applies for a patent for a technique to lift grounded barges; he remains the only president to hold a patent
    1880 The Salvation Army invades the US from Britain
    1905 Japanese Army captures Mukden from the Russians
    1927 Hitler barred from speaking in Bavaria
    1942 Luzon: MacArthur appoints MG Jonathan Wainwright commander of US forces in the Philippines
    1942 NY's 27th Inf Div sails for Hawaii - first division to ship out in WW II.
    1942 Vice Adm Wilson Brown's TF 11 (carriers 'Lexington' & 'Yorktown') raids Japanese shipping at Lae and Salamaua
    1944 Severe restrictions are imposed on all private travel in the UK, in preparation for D-Day
    1964 US begins reconnaissance flights over East Germany
    1966 North Vietnamese capture US Green Beret Camp in the Ashau Valley
    1969 James Earl Ray pleads guilty of killing Martin Luther King, Jr.

    BORN

    1824 Thomas James Churchill, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1905
    1830 Robert Lowry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1910
    1832 William Henry Penrose, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1903

    DIED
    1913 Harriet Tubman, intrepid Underground Railroad conductor, at c. 93
     
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    1847 The U.S. Army raised the [third] 15th Infantry for service in Mexico -- Learn More
    1861 The Confederate convention in Montgomery adopts a "permanent" constitution
    1862 Lincoln appoints Henry Halleck general-in-chief, limiting George B. McClellen's command to the Army of the Potomac
    1865 Sherman occupies Fayetteville, NC
    1941 FDR signs the Lend-Lease Act -- Learn More
    1942 Bataan: MacArthur leaves for Mindanao on a PT-Boat
    1942 Paris: First deportation train leaves for Auschwitz
    1943 American Volunteer Group ("Flying Tigers") renamed Fourteenth Air Force
    1945 Kamikaze hit USS 'Randolph' (CV 15) at Ulithi Atoll, heavy casualties
    1990 Lithuania declares independence from the USSR

    BORN
    1731 Robert Treat Paine, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1814
    1779 The US Army Corps of Engineers
    1811 Marsena Rudolph Patrick, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1888
    1818 John Wilkins Whitfield, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1879
    1822 Allison Nelson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862
    1832 William Ruffin Cox, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1919
    1840 Edmund Kirby, Jr, Brig Gen, U.S., d/w 1863
    1892 Raoul Walsh, director ("Battle Cry", "Captain Horatio Hornblower"), d. 1980
    1899 King Frederick IX of Denmark (1947-72)


    DIED
    1944 Hendrik van Loon, 62, impish historian ("Van Loon's Lives", etc.)
    1957 Richard E Byrd, Rear Adm, US, arctic explorer, at 68
    2012 Whitney Houston, 48, vocalist, who put "The Star Spangled Banner" into the Top 100 for nearly two years -- Learn More
     
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    1865 Skirmish near Lone Jack, Missouri
    1943 Washington: "Pacific Military Conference" reviews war plans.
    1947 US announces the "Truman Doctrine," to contain communism
    1951 North Korean/Red Chinese troops driven out of Seoul
    1999 Poland, Hungary, & the Czech Republic join NATO

    BORN
    1816 David Stuart, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1868
    1818 John Lorimer Worden, who would command the 'Monitor', d. 1897
    1823 William Flank Perry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901
    1827 John Robert Jones, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901
    1827 William Richard Terry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1897
    1830 William Felix Brantley, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1870
    1863 Gabriele D'Annunzio, poet & condottiero, d. 1938
    1864 Charles Young, USMA 1889, colonel in the Regular Army, d. 19
    1911 William Patrick Hitler, who fought Uncle Adolf in the USN (1944-1947), d. 1987
    1923 Walter "Wally" Schirra, Jr, USN, astronaut, d. 2007

    DIED

    1925 Sun Yat-Sen, 58, founder of the Chinese Republic
    1944 Col. John W. Thomason, USMC, 51, "The Kipling of the Corps"
    1945 Anne Frank, of typhus at 14
    1947 Winston Churchill, 75, popular American author ("Mr. Keegan's Elopement", "The Crisis", etc), not to be confused with Winston S. Churchill
    2008 Lazare Ponticelli, 110, the last French, last Foreign Legion, and last Italian veteran of WW I
     
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    1836 The Battle of King's Defeat: Texians routed by larger Mexican force
    1865 The Confederacy authorizes enlistment of 300,000 slaves as soldiers
    1942 Julia Flikke, of the Nurse Corps, becomes the first woman colonel in the US Army
    1943 Abortive assassination attempt against Hitler during a flight from Smolensk to Rastenburg
    1954 General Giap's Viet Minh attack That Bien Phu
    1963 Russians conduct two reconnaissance flights over Alaska
    1979 New Jewel Movement overthrows the Gairy dictatorship in Grenada, and imposes its own

    BORN
    1818 Albion Parris Howe, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897
    1820 Louis Hebert, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901
    1877 Charles D. Herron, Commanding General, Hawaii 1938-1941, d. 1977 -- Learn More
    1913 William J Casey, CIA director (1981-87), d. 1987
    1914 Edward H. "Butch" O'Hare, naval ace, MoH, mia 1943.
    1942 The U.S. Army K9 Corps

    DIED

    1901 Benjamin Harrison, 67, veteran and President (1889-1893) -- Learn More
    1941 A Coenradi, B Iron, E Hellenbyn, and J Eyl, Dutch resistance fighters, executed by Nazis
    1943 Stephen Vincent Benét, Puletizer Prize winning oet ("John Brown's Body"), b. 1898
    1945 Charles Dick, 87, militiaman, congressman, senator, - "Father of the National Guard" -- Learn More
     
    #71 Salty, Mar 13, 2022
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    1812 Congress authorizes bonds to finance War of 1812
    1836 Battle of Refugio: Mexicans capture Texian force
    1862 Battle of New Bern, NC
    1917 SecNav Josephus Daniels authorizes the U.S. Navy to recruit women as "yeomen, radio electricians, and other useful ratings" under the terms of the Naval Reserve Force Act
    1919 After a parade up Fifth Avenue, the colors of the 367th Infantry ("The Black Devils"), New York City's black draftee regiment, are presented to the Union League Club
    1933 Winston Churchill calls for better air defense of Britain
    1941 German Air Raid on Clydbank: After two night of bombing nearly every building the town is damaged or destroyed, more than 500 are dead, and over 50,000 homeless
    1942 MacArthur arrives on Mindanao by PT-boat, from Bataan en route to Australia.
    1945 B-29s raid Osaka, 13,000 casualties.
    1945 RAF bombs railway link at Hanover-Hamm
    1945 HM South African Frigate Natal sank the German submarine U-714 in the North Sea, four hours after being commissioned
    1946 Ticker tape parade on Broadway for Winston Churchill
    1953 Nikita Khrushchev succeeds Malenkov as secretary of the CPUSSR
    1991 The Emir returns to Kuwait, newly liberated from Iraqi occupation

    BORN
    1804 Johann Strauss "the Elder", composer ("The Radetzky March"), d. 1894
    1808 Catharinus Putnam Buckingham, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1888
    1816 Montgomery Dent Corse, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1895
    1823 Roswell Sabine Ripley, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1887
    1833 John Sappington Marmaduke, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1887
    1854 Thomas R. Marshall,Vice-President of the U.S. (1913-1920), d. 1925 -- Learn More
    1879 Albert Einstein, greatest scientist of the twentieth century, d. 1955
    1928 Frank Borman, astronaut
    1933 The Civilian Conservation Corps
    1934 Eugene Cernan, USN, astronaut, last surviving person to have walked on the moon, d. 2017
    1939 William B Lenoir, astronaut, d. 2010

    DIED

    1883 Karl Marx, who inspired the greatest exploitation of the masses, b. 1818
    2018 Stephen Hawking, theoretical physicist and cosmologist, at 76
     
    #72 Salty, Mar 14, 2022
    Last edited: Mar 14, 2022
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    1781 Battle of Guilford Court House: The Brits barely defeat the Yankees, and decide to retire from the Carolinas into Virginia, where they will have an unfortunate encounter with George Washington at Yorktown
    1930 USS 'Nautilus' (SS 168) is launched at Mare Is., California
    1942 Hawaii: NY's 27th Inf Div arrives, first division to land overseas in WW II.
    1943 U.S. Navy forces in the Central Pacific are designated the Fifth Fleet.
    1944 Admiralty Is.: U.S. Army invades Manus
    1957 Britain becomes the third nation to detonate a nuclear bomb
    1978 Israel raids Lebanon to rid area of Palestine guerrillas

    BORN
    1493 Anne Pierre Adrien, Duke of Montmorency, Marshal of France, d. 1567
    1638 Shunzhi, Emperor of China (1643-1661)
    1767 Andrew Jackson, soldier and president (1828-37), d. 1845 -- Learn More
    1811 Robert Allen, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1886
    1831 Edward Aylesworth Perry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1889
    1905 Joe Ross, actor ("Sgt Ritzik" - the Phil Silvers Show), d. 1982
    1919 The American Legion, in Paris
    1924 Richard Topus, in Brooklyn, senior US Army pigeonmaster, 1942-1945, d. 2008
    1932 Alan Lavern Bean, USN, astronaut (Apollo 12, Skylab 3)

    DIED
    1937 Howard Phillips Lovecraft, 46, American author, creator of 'Cthulhu'
    1944 Otto von Below, 87. German general, Victor of Caporetto -- Learn More
     
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    1861 Confederate government appoints commissioners to Britain & France in the hope of securing recognition or aid
    1865 Battle of Averysboro, NC
    1882 US Senate ratifies treaty establishing the International Red Cross
    1935 Hitler announces German rearmament, after years of covert efforts under the Weimar Republic, in violation of the Treaty of Versailles
    1941 The Pennsylvania Railroad's Cleveland-Pittsburgh express is derailed near Baden, Pa., by Ukrainian fascists acting in German pay; 5 dead,. c. 114 injured
    1944 USS 'Tautog' (SS-199) sinks Japanese DD 'Shirakumo' off Hokkaido
    1945 Iwo Jima: organized Japanese resistance ends, mopping up continues.
    1966 Gemini 8 launched with Armstrong & Scott, aborted after 6.5 orbits
    1968 My Lai Massacre, perhaps 450 die
    1985 Hezbollah terrorists capture Associated Press correspondent Terry Anderson, hold him until 1991

    BORN
    1739 George Clymer, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1813
    1751 James Madison, militiaman, President (1809-1817), d. 1836 -- Learn More
    1802 George Archibald McCall, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1868
    1802 U.S. Military Academy, at West Point
    1812 Henry Dwight Terry, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1869
    1822 John Pope, Maj Gen, U.S., who did very badly at Second Bull Run, d. 1892
    1832 Charles Camp Doolittle, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1903
    1932 Walter M Cunningham, USMC, astronaut (Apollo 7)

    DIED
    1838 Nathaniel Bowditch, oceanographer ("American Practical Navigator"), at 64
    1930 Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 60, Spanish general and dictator (1923-30)
    1978 Aldo Moro, 61, former prime minister of Italy, assassinated by terrorists
    1995 Simon Frazier, Lord Lovat, commando (Loflotten, Hardelot, Dieppe, Relief of Pegasus Bridge at Normandy), at 83
     
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    1776 British forces evacuate Boston; George Washington orders an extra gill of whiskey to every Irish soldier in the army
    1863 Battle of Kelly's Ford, VA
    1913 F D. Roosevelt is appointed Asst Sec of the Navy (1913-1921) -- Learn More
    1942 MacArthur flies from Mindanao to Australia in a B-17.
    1944 Admiralty Is: 1st Cav Div captures Lorengau airfield, Manus
    1945 B-29s raid Kobe, c. 15,000 casualties.
    1966 US mini-sub locates H-bomb in the Mediterranean by Palomares, Spain
    1969 Golda Meir becomes Israeli PM (1969-1974)

    BORN
    1473 King James IV of Scotland (1488-1513)
    1828 Patrick Cleburne, Irish-born Confederate Maj. Gen., kia 1863, Battle of Franklin
    1832 Walter Quintin Gresham, Brig Gen., U.S., d. 1895
    1843 Henry Ware Lawton, Volunteer of 1861, later Maj. Gen., highest ranking officer killed in action in the Philippine-American War, 1899 -- Learn More
    1930 James B Irwin, USAF, astronaut (Apollo 15)
    1936 Thomas K Mattingly II, USN, astronaut

    DIED
    461 St Patrick
    1891 Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte -- "Plon-Plon", 68, nephew of Napoleon, French politician and soldier (Crimea, Italy)
    1933 Charles King, 88, soldier, author, arguably the last Civil War veteran to serve in uniform -- Learn More
     
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    1921 Peace of Riga: Ends Polish-Soviet War
    1944 Mt Vesuvius begins an eleven day eruption, slightly inconveniencing World War II
    1944 U.S. Task Group 50.1 bombards Mili Atoll in the Marshall Islands.
    1945 Massive USAAF raid on Berlin, c. 1250 bombers
    1945 US Task Force 58 attacks targets on Kyushu
    1952 Communist offensive in Korea begins
    1991 USS Princeton (CG 59) was mined in the Persian Gulf during Operation Desert Storm -- Learn More

    BORN
    1782 John Caldwell Calhoun, greatest Secretary of War, architect of secession, d. 1850
    1829 William Robertson Boggs, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1911
    1837 Grover Cleveland, draft dodger, President (1885-89, 93-97) -- Learn More
    1839 Francis Fessenden, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1906
    1848 Nathaniel Herreshoff, yacht & torpedo boat designer, d. 1938
    1858 Rudolph Diesel, who made a little engine, d. 1913
    1869 N Chamberlain, British Prime Minister (1937-40), d.1940, appeaser or wily politician
    1890 The U.S. Naval Militia, in Massachusetts
    1893 Wilfred Owen, soldier-poet ("Anthem for a Doomed Youth"), kia 1918

    DIED
    1965 King Farouk of Egypt (1936-52), at 45
    1983 King Umberto II of Italy (May 9-June 12, 1946), 78
     
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    1865 Battle of Bentonville: Last major Civil War engagement in the East
    1898 USS 'Oregon' (BB 3) began an epic 14,000 mile voyage from San Francisco around South America to Key West -- Learn More
    1920 The US Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles for the second time
    1942 FDR orders men between 45 & 64 to register for non-military duty
    1945 USS 'Franklin' (CV 13) is hit by Japanese air attack, 724 die, 265 wounded
    1945 Kure Naval Base: USN air raids destroy last of the IJN.
    1947 Chiang Kai-Shek's forces captures Jenan from the Communists
    1951 Herman Wouk's novel "The Caine Mutiny" is published
    1989 Maiden flight of the Boeing V-22 Osprey VTOL aircraft
    2003 Operation Iraqi Freedom begins (2003-)

    BORN
    1813 David Livingstone, who got "lost" in Africa, d. 1873
    1817 Lewis Henry Little, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862
    1819 David Henry Williams, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1891
    1821 Francis Barretto Spinola, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1884
    1827 Alexander Shaler, Brig Gen., U.S., d. 1911
    1837 Robert Daniel Johnston, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1919
    1848 Wyatt Earp, lawman, gambler, d. 1929
    1860 William Jennings Bryan, Colonel, U.S.V., perennial presidential candidate, d. 1925
    1883 Gen. Joseph "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell, US/Chinese commander, CBI, d. 1946
    1925 Brent Scowcroft, Air Force general, NSA advisor

    DIED
    1814 Col. H Sturgeon, Royal Artillery, c. 33, kia under curious circumstances -- Learn More
    1894 Anna Ella Carroll, advisor to generals and presidents, at 78 -- Learn More
    1950 Edgar Rice Burroughs, war correspondent, novelist ("John Carter of Mars", "Tarzan"), 74
     
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    1760 Great Fire at Boston, leaves much of the city in ruins
    1833 Cdr Geisinger of USS 'Peacock' & the King of Siam negotiate a commercial treaty
    1836 Battle of Coleto Creek: Texian garrison of Goliad surrenders to the Mexican Army
    1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin" is published
    1896 Marines land in Nicaragua to protect US citizens
    1918 1Lt. H A. Bootz led a raid by the 'Fighting 69th' into No Man's Land -- Learn More
    1922 First US carrier commissioned: 'Langley' (CV-1) -- Learn More
    1933 The Nazis open their first concentration camp, at Dachau, near Munich
    1939 Naval Research Lab proposes development of nuclear power
    1942 Gen MacArthur vows "I shall return"
    1952 Final ratification of peace treaty restoring full sovereignty to Japan
    2003 Widespread coalition air strikes in Iraq

    BORN
    1804 Neal Dow, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897
    1812 George Bibb Crittenden, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1880
    1823 John Echols, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1896
    1825 William Nelson Rector Beall, Brig Gen, C.S.A.
    1830 Eugene Asa Carr, Brig Gen., U.S., d. 1910
    1856 James Webb Cook Hayes, presidential son, businessman, soldier with a Medal of Honor, d. 1934 -- Learn More

    DIED

    2004 Juliana Luise Emma Marie Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau, 95, sometime Queen of the Netherlands (1948-1980)
    2005 Andrew Toti, inventor of the "Mae West" life jacket, at 89
     
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    1788 Second Great Fire of New Orleans: c. 800-850 buildings houses burn after a votive candle ignites some curtains
    1866 Congress authorizes a national soldiers' homes
    1942 Jimmy Stewart enlists in the USAAF
    1943 Assassination attempt on Hitler fails
    1945 Navy Chaplain Rabbi Roland Gittelson dedicates a cemetery on Iwo Jima --
    1967 Battle of Suoi Tre: Major US victory over the VC/NVA
    1984 Soviet sub collides with USS 'Kitty Hawk' (CV-63) off Japan
    1988 The Amerasian Homecoming Act went into effect -- Learn More (scroll down_

    BORN
    1713 Francis Lewis, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1803
    1946 The Strategic Air Command

    DIED
    1617 Pocahontas -- Mrs. John Rolfe, about 22, in England
    1958 Cyril M. Kornbluth, 34, Battle of Bulge Bronze Star, American sciencefictioneer
    2013 Herschel Schacter, 95, sometime US Army Chaplain who directed relief efforts at Buchenwald and later headed the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations
     
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    1794 Congress prohibits the export of slaves from the United States.
    1917 3rd Lt. Elmer F. Stone becomes USCG Aviator No. 1
    1945 Patton's Third Army crosses the Rhine -- Learn More
    1979 Israeli parliament ratifies the peace treaty with Egypt

    BORN
    1817 Braxton Bragg, unsuccessful Confederate general, d. 1876 -- Learn More
    1819 William Wirt Adams, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1888
    1822 Seth Williams, Brig Gen., U.S., d. 1866
    1824 William Henry Chase Whiting, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1865
    1834 Francis Asbury Shoup, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1896
    1882 John W. Wilcox, Jr., later Rear Adm, USN, lost at sea, 1942
    1907 James "Slim Jim" Gavin, Commander, 82nd Airborne Division, d. 1990
    1910 Nicholas Monsarrat, naval officer, novelist ("The Cruel Sea"), d. 1979 -- Learn More
    1913 Karl Malden (Mladen George Sekulovich), actor ("Patton"), d. 2009
    1924 Paul Fussell, who would earn a Bronze Star and two Purple Hearts in the ETO, historian ("The Great War in Modern Memory"), d. 2012
    1931 William Shatner, actor ("Captain Kirk"); see 2233
    2228 Capt. James Tiberius Kirk of the 'Enterprise', in Riverside , Iowa

    DIED
    1861 Commo. Uriah P. Levy, USN, highest ranking Jewish officer in US military service until the twentieth century, 69
    1924 Robert Nivelle, 67, inept French Chief-of-the General Staff
     
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