Simply fascinating.
A US study has found the gene that allows Tibetans to cope with life at high altitudes came from an extinct species of human.
Many Tibetans are known to carry a special blood-diluting gene that enables them to cope with lack of oxygen in high mountains.
People without this variant would be apt to develop thick blood, leading to high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes.
Scientists have discovered Tibetans carry a version of the gene in their DNA from Denisovans, a relative of modern-day humans who lived 50,000 years ago.
At elevations above 13,000 feet (4,000 metres), the common form of the gene boosts hemoglobin and red blood cell production, causing dangerous side effects.
The Tibetans' variant increases hemoglobin and red blood cell levels only modestly, sparing them these effects.
Denisovans are known from a single finger bone and two teeth found in a Siberian cave.
DNA testing on the 41,000-year-old bone indicated Denisovans were distinct from our species and Neanderthals.
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-...cies-fortifies-high-altitude-tibetans/5569246