Do I have to turn my homework in on paper? :flower:
No, there is nothing about Congress and laws and Juan Williams.
There is also nothing about Congress and laws and the Snyder/Phelps case.
It's just two private individuals who are are hostile odds with each other over what one of them said to the other.
This may squeak by as a "right to peaceably assemble" part of the First Amendment, but it certainly isn't about Fred Phelps free speech as far as "Congress making no law prohibiting......" Congress isn't involved here. It's just two private citizens angry with each other. Mr. Snyder sued and won and Fred Phelps thinks that violated his free speech.
Well, Congress certainly didn't make a law against what he said.
Apparently the Supreme Court thinks it is possibly about free speech or else they wouldn't be hearing the appeal.
The American Bar Association thinks it's about free speech. Look at their link under "Freedom of Speech Week" and famous court cases.
And the National Public Radio and 21 other media organizations also believe this case between Mr. Snyder and Mr. Phelps is about the violation of freedom speech (I listed those above).
I understand exactly what you are saying in your interpretation of the First Amendment.
But where do we draw the line? Defamatory speech, incitement speech, and lots of other types of speeches have already been deemed to be against the law. But we say Congress (governments) can make no law....or at least some lawyers interpret that to mean you can say what you darn well please at anytime.
And what Juan Williams said was not for incitement, for defamation, nor was it seditious. Those things being against the law.
One would think that the issue wouldn't be so vague.
So, if a private citizen hurting the feelings of another private citizen and getting sued for it IS an issue of freedom of speech, why isn't the private citizen voicing a benign opinion while not on the clock and losing his job over it not an issue of freedom of speech?
I truly understand everything that you say. I just am being a tad ornery this afternoon.