True, but they did not of their own selves come to understand the truth. They reject the truth after they have it revealed to them.
This might seem silly, but it is my view that all who reject the Gospel do in fact believe, but it is still a matter of them rejecting Christ, rather than not acknowledging the truth. See 2 Peter 2:20-21.
Were Men Born Again Before Pentecost? *for all Christians
Discussion in 'Other Christian Denominations' started by Hark, Feb 18, 2016.
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Not sure what happened but I am not able to correct the above post, hope it is understandable as it is given. Sometimes the edit function is goofy.
God bless. -
Hark said: ↑Take a deep breath, exhale, and set your opinion aside for a moment, and I will walk it through with His help.
1 Corinthians 10:14 Wherefore, my dearly beloved, flee from idolatry. 15 I speak as to wise men; judge ye what I say. 16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?
That grouping sets the problem of idolatry in which Paul is asking believers to judge concerning what we take communion for as a reminder.Click to expand...
It is not sufficient to make a claim. What distinguishes your statements is the scriptures which back them up. Now, claiming something over and over does not make it so. In other words, you can't appeal to your own claims as evidence.
Let me highlight your wild babble. The highlighted statement is pure hogwash. The judgement is about idolatry. He is emphasizing WHY it is paramount that Corinthians flee from idolatry. How does he do this? Using the Lord's Table. Communion is not a reminder of idolatry contrary to your assertion.
17 For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are all partakers of that one bread. 18 Behold Israel after the flesh: are not they which eat of the sacrifices partakers of the altar? 19 What say I then? that the idol is any thing, or that which is offered in sacrifice to idols is any thing?
The comparison of how Israel eat the sacrifice as partakers of the altar.Click to expand...
20 But I say, that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils, and not to God: and I would not that ye should have fellowship with devils.
Paul is stressing that how the Gentiles are taking communion in that way as the Israel used to, makes it as a sacrifice to devils and not to God.Click to expand...
Nope, he is warning the Corinthian believers against any relationship with pagan deities
See? The Gentiles think they are doing this communion as an offering of sacrifice unto God.Click to expand...
And Paul points out that they should not be having fellowship with them when they do that.Click to expand...
21 Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord's table, and of the table of devils.
Here is Paul stressing that they cannot take communion in the right way while Gentiles that are taking communion in the wrong way in fellowship.Click to expand...
22 Do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? are we stronger than he?
Ask Jesus why Paul said this. I believe it is because of the way the Gentiles were taking communion as an offering up of the sacrifice unto God to be received to eat as Israel did in being partakers of the altar.Click to expand...
See the principle there? The Gentiles believe they are offering the wine and the bread as that literal sacrifice of Christ unto God to receive again to eat.Click to expand...
Where is the evidence? None!
See why Paul said what he did in verse 22? As if we think we are stronger than God to offer His Son up as a sacrifice to eat at communion.Click to expand...
YHWH has repeated that He is a jealous God and He shares His glory with nobody. So when Israel worshipped other gods, His wrath was kindled. Read Deut 32 the Song of Moses
Deuteronomy 32:21 (KJV)
They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God;
they have provoked me to anger with their vanities:
Paul is warning Corinthians against idols as God is a jealous God, and we are not stronger than He so it is the idolator who stands to lose
A Catholic priest has to be celibate to perform the Eucharist in the Mass, otherwise, they can only perform communion per catholic tradition. So in principle, that is like saying they have power to make present Christ's one time sacrifice for sins as an offering to be received by eating.Click to expand...
The Gentiles believed they were offering His actual blood and body to be received as that sacrifice for why Paul said to flee idolatry and asking believers to judge what they were taking communion for.Click to expand...
Paul is warning against idolatry and he uses two points of emphasis;
1. The believers are already in fellowship with the Lord and they should not at the same time be in fellowship with demons through idolatry
2. Idolatry is dangerous as evidenced by The many who dies after they provoked YHWH to jealousy
So Paul was rebuking in principle what the Gentiles were doing in taking communion for back then in what errant believers are doing today in regards to transubstantiation in transforming the bread and the wine as the body and blood of Jesus Christ's one time sacrifice for sins "made present" to be received again.Click to expand...
Whenever Paul corrects an error in the churches, he does so by indicating the right way of doing it right after pointing out what is wrong. In the subject verses, he does not indicate transubstantiation error. It takes an overworked fertile imagination with little regard for scriptures to read transubstantiation in the text.
I'm still reeling in shock from your total disregard of the inspired text yet you claim that your gift is edification by sharing the word. What spirits provoke you to ignore the plain meaning of the text in favor of wild theories? -
Hark said: ↑Agreed, but yet Paul said earlier in fleeing idolatry and asked believers to judge in regards to what communion was for, and so I see that later portion of scripture regarding meat as addressing a different topic than what Paul was talking about in 1 Corinthians 10:14-22
Here is a walk through as to how I see this which I believe is by His grace & by His help.
1 Corinthians 10:14 Wherefore, my dearly beloved, flee from idolatry. 15 I speak as to wise men; judge ye what I say. 16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?
That grouping sets the problem of idolatry in which Paul is asking believers to judge concerning what we take communion for as a reminder.
17 For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are all partakers of that one bread. 18 Behold Israel after the flesh: are not they which eat of the sacrifices partakers of the altar? 19 What say I then? that the idol is any thing, or that which is offered in sacrifice to idols is any thing?
The comparison of how Israel eat the sacrifice as partakers of the altar.
20 But I say, that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils, and not to God: and I would not that ye should have fellowship with devils.
Paul is stressing that how the Gentiles are taking communion in that way as the Israel used to, makes it as a sacrifice to devils and not to God. See? The Gentiles think they are doing this communion as an offering of sacrifice unto God. And Paul points out that they should not be having fellowship with them when they do that.
21 Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord's table, and of the table of devils.
Here is Paul stressing that they cannot take communion in the right way while Gentiles that are taking communion in the wrong way in fellowship.
22 Do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? are we stronger than he?
Ask Jesus why Paul said this. I believe it is because of the way the Gentiles were taking communion as an offering up of the sacrifice unto God to be received to eat as Israel did in being partakers of the altar.
See the principle there? The Gentiles believe they are offering the wine and the bread as that literal sacrifice of Christ unto God to receive again to eat. See why Paul said what he did in verse 22? As if we think we are stronger than God to offer His Son up as a sacrifice to eat at communion.
A Catholic priest has to be celibate to perform the Eucharist in the Mass, otherwise, they can only perform communion per catholic tradition. So in principle, that is like saying they have power to make present Christ's one time sacrifice for sins as an offering to be received by eating.
The Gentiles believed they were offering His actual blood and body to be received as that sacrifice for why Paul said to flee idolatry and asking believers to judge what they were taking communion for.
So Paul was rebuking in principle what the Gentiles were doing in taking communion for back then in what errant believers are doing today in regards to transubstantiation in transforming the bread and the wine as the body and blood of Jesus Christ's one time sacrifice for sins "made present" to be received again.Click to expand...
And again, I just do not see Paul speaking to a literalism in the passage. The primary intent is not to ascribe salvific importance or realities to anything unwarranted. I would see an address of giving idols themselves a reality which is not there. For them to consider the offering of meat to idols an issue to take into consideration would imply they think there are actually gods to be reckoned with in regards to the offering. This is true in the sense that behind every idol stands a demon, but, the bottom line is a steak offered to an idol is just a steak.
And again, I will give this more time when I get the chance. Perhaps you should start a thread and highlight your view in the OP.
God bless. -
vooks said: ↑See @Hark,
It is not sufficient to make a claim. What distinguishes your statements is the scriptures which back them up. Now, claiming something over and over does not make it so. In other words, you can't appeal to your own claims as evidence.
Let me highlight your wild babble. The highlighted statement is pure hogwash. The judgement is about idolatry. He is emphasizing WHY it is paramount that Corinthians flee from idolatry. How does he do this? Using the Lord's Table. Communion is not a reminder of idolatry contrary to your assertion.
You skipped crucial verses in between. The point is , whoever eats of the altar is in a relationship with the deity(YHWH)
Nope, he is warning the Corinthian believers against any relationship with pagan deities
Nope, that is you @Hark thinking and imputing your imagination on Corinthians. The Gentiles in question are nonbelievers offering sacrifices to pagan deities not Godand Paul will not have none of the believers having any relationship with idols
Nope, the Gentiles(non believers)in question are not having Communion but are offering sacrifices to their deities not to God
Nope, he is not stressing taking communion the right way, but rather why it is wrong to partake communion and then commit idolatry by participating in pagan practices. The cup of Devils and table of Devils are pagan rituals
As always, I care none for what you can conjure out of your mind but the scriptural BASI for it. You just believe but with no scriptures to back you up. The reason Paul asks this is because in verse 7 he reminds them of how Israel engaged in idolatry and thousands perished one day because they provoked YHWH to jealousy. He is stressing the seriousness of the sin of idolatry in the eyes of God
There is no principle to see here bro; you are making it up. The evidence of your claim is not your claim. I'm interested in WHY you imagine there is a 'principle' . The Gentiles here are performing their pagan rituals and Paul is warning the believers against participating in them.
Where is the evidence? None!
Nope, you are once again repeating your claim as if that is proof of anything.
YHWH has repeated that He is a jealous God and He shares His glory with nobody. So when Israel worshipped other gods, His wrath was kindled. Read Deut 32 the Song of Moses
Deuteronomy 32:21 (KJV)
They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God;
they have provoked me to anger with their vanities:
Paul is warning Corinthians against idols as God is a jealous God, and we are not stronger than He so it is the idolator who stands to lose
i really don't care how far Catholicism is from the truth, the point is NONE of that is in view in the current passage.
Your modus operandi is repeating a claim ad nauseum as if that is proof of anything. What you are supposed to do is to demonstrate the claim is backed by scriptures. So far you haven't .
Paul is warning against idolatry and he uses two points of emphasis;
1. The believers are already in fellowship with the Lord and they should not at the same time be in fellowship with demons through idolatry
2. Idolatry is dangerous as evidenced by The many who dies after they provoked YHWH to jealousy
Nope, that's what you claim and the text does not support any of it. He is warning them against idolatry and not a perversion of the Lord's Table.
Whenever Paul corrects an error in the churches, he does so by indicating the right way of doing it right after pointing out what is wrong. In the subject verses, he does not indicate transubstantiation error. It takes an overworked fertile imagination with little regard for scriptures to read transubstantiation in the text.
I'm still reeling in shock from your total disregard of the inspired text yet you claim that your gift is edification by sharing the word. What spirits provoke you to ignore the plain meaning of the text in favor of wild theories?Click to expand...
I shall not bother with sharing any more reproofs towards your application. Your mind is made up and mayhap is the reason why you are refusing to see anything else for the progress of this discussion.
I can agree that we disagree with the reading and application of those verses, brother.
Mayhap another may correct me with His help in a way so I can receive it, if correction from Him is warranted.
Thank you for sharing. -
Darrell C said: ↑I was speaking about eternal separation, Vooks. That choice is made in the physical lives of men, not after they die. So my intention in my response is that no, not all men are successful in rejecting the Ministry of the Comforter.Click to expand...
Nobody suggested that ALL men are successful in rejecting the ministry of the Comforter, the fact that some do is all it takes to prove that the drawing is either partial or not irresistible contrary to your claim that it is.
The point is that among the Elect there is not a uniform pattern of salvation, meaning, it is not a matter of everyone hears the Gospel, has it revealed as truth, and immediately yields to God and obeys the Gospel. For some it will take years of conviction, until finally they do yield. That a man can rebel against God's will is apparent throughout Scripture, Jonah possibly being the greatest example. Here we have a man directly spoken to by God, and instead of saying, "Okay, Lord, I will do as you ask," he heads in the opposite direction.Click to expand...
Now that you have injected another vocabulary , the 'elect', permit me to ask a few questions;
1. Who are the elect?
2. Do we have non-elect?
And just like Jonah, when God speaks to every man and woman, it is understood that the truth is being revealed. Jonah knew for certain that if he obeyed God, Nineveh would repent. He did not want that to happen.Click to expand...
If He does, whose fault is it that some despite being spoken to end up in hell?
If He doesn't, how does God will that those He does not speak to not to perish yet He offers them no chance out of their circumstances?
That is correct. So being "successful" can only be determined in those who die in rebellion to the Gospel of Christ. I am not one who likes to give up on anyone. I knew a fellow who said "If I don't have them saved in five minutes I won't waste any more time on them."Click to expand...
And you are agreeing with my primary point here: men cannot save themselves, and free will suggests they play a role.Click to expand...
But the natural man cannot understand the spiritual things of God, they do not seek after God, and the fact remains that for them to be saved they are dependent on God's intervention.Click to expand...
If He did, why do they perish?
If He didn't, can we blame the very God who wills not that they perish for not intervening and saving them?
The glorious truth of the Gospel and the New Covenant is that men are not "left to their own devices," but enjoy the intervention of God. This is the Biblical pattern since Adam. What man of the faithful took the initiative to get up and go out and find God? Which was not first found by God, and then brought into relationship?Click to expand...
If He did, why do they perish? Isn't the intervention sufficient or what?
Yet we know that the many will perish, don't we?Click to expand...
God is not held responsible for men rejecting truth and refusing to obey Him. When you tell a child not to do something, you express your will to that child, and you have the authority to enforce that will. But that does not mean the child will obey. And God is just, He would not demand obedience in something that He knows has an impossible outcome. We do not, for example, demand a first grader get straight As in Algebra, because it is beyond their capacity. But, the first grader is taught and when the understanding is provided them, then the good grades are demanded.
No different in regards to God's will. Men are not born with that capacity but are taught. We have the ABCs provided which are the internal witness, the testimony of Creation, and then finally specific teaching. Yet all along the man is not left to teach himself something he cannot possibly learn, he has a Teacher that comes and enlightens his mind whereby he gains the ability to take the proper course.Click to expand...
Why would you not call this response, man's role in his salvation?
If man has no role to play in his salvation, he'd be saved regardless of how he responds to the truth, or God would orchestrate the right response in him. But if this is so, then for those who perish, God NEVER orchestrated the right response...How are they to blame!
I believe this is a moot point for the Elect. Of course those who are known to God will not resist, ultimately. Again, that doesn't mean they don't during the process of the conviction they are brought under.Click to expand...
Are there some who are not elect?
Whose fault is it they are not elect?
And that is the only "free will" that the natural man has the inherent ability to exercise. They are the ones who decide to reject God.Click to expand...
Again, you are prescribing ability. That is not correct. They do not choose something, they reject something. That something, in this Age, is the Ministry of the Comforter. If I come to you and say "Hey Vooks, I am going to show you how to fix your heating system so you don't freeze to death," and you say, "No thanks, I think things will work out just fine, " and you do freeze to death, would you ascribe ability to perform that which would have kept you from perishing to yourself?Click to expand...
Rejecting something is a choice. One can only successfully reject something if they have the option of accepting or rejecting it. It is a decision making process sir. Rejecting something is choosing something sir
It's no different with the Gospel of Christ. Natural man cannot understand it as truth, because they reject it as truth. In that conviction we are told the Comforter would convict of sin, righteousness, and judgment. I think the primary issues involved there are the conviction that we are sinners who will be eternally separated, and are headed for judgment. Christ is righteous, we are not, and this is acknowledged, and acted upon. The only recourse is to cry out to God and receive Christ.Click to expand...
Does God irresistibly draw men if He draws some who reject Him?
And just as you did not know how to fix your heating system, natural men are not aware of their sin and it's penalty. To them it is a fairy tale, but, to the one who has this revealed as truth to them...it is not.
God bless.Click to expand...
Does God irresistibly draw men to Him or do they have a choice in the matter? -
Darrell C said: ↑I don't think even those who embrace Transubstantiation view it as an offering again, except for those who equally misunderstand the finality and completion of the Once Offered Sacrifice of Christ.Click to expand...
http://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-te...techism-of-the-catholic-church/epub/index.cfm
Quote below is from this link above:
"The Holy Sacrifice, because it makes present the one sacrifice of Christ the Savior and includes the Church’s offering. The terms holy sacrifice of the Mass,“sacrifice of praise,” spiritual sacrifice, pure and holy sacrifice are also used,150since it completes and surpasses all the sacrifices of the Old Covenant."
Making something inanimate "holy" and having His Presence is what idolatry is. using it as an offering of the one time sacrifice for sins made present, and thus "holy" to receive again is transubstantiation.
The one time sacrifice for sins can only be received one time as we are forever sanctified after that; and ( as a reminder for our readers ) that can only be received by believing in Him.
I think most fall into accepting this position through ignorance which is not really a matter of idolatry, but just that, ignorance of the Atonement. Many among conservative groups make the same mistake in thinking that Communion contributes to their salvation as well. I once heard a man preach "If you are not partaking of Communion once a week your faith is in vain."
And again, I just do not see Paul speaking to a literalism in the passage. The primary intent is not to ascribe salvific importance or realities to anything unwarranted. I would see an address of giving idols themselves a reality which is not there. For them to consider the offering of meat to idols an issue to take into consideration would imply they think there are actually gods to be reckoned with in regards to the offering. This is true in the sense that behind every idol stands a demon, but, the bottom line is a steak offered to an idol is just a steak.
And again, I will give this more time when I get the chance. Perhaps you should start a thread and highlight your view in the OP.Click to expand...
God bless.Click to expand... -
Darrell C said: ↑First, I would ask for a passage that teaches that anyone is "irresistibly drawn" and then perish. This would nullify itself.Click to expand...
Does God irresistibly draw ALL men or just SOME men?
[auote]Secondly, I again emphasize that you impose positive action when that is not in view. What is in view is a negative action, or in other words...inaction. As far as receiving Christ that is the positive action taken by those who are saved.[/quote]
But this is pure semantics. Action/inaction are decisions by man. That's the bottom line. If either of them leads to salvation or damnation, then man can't be responsible for one and not the other
Not sure if this is a good example, but consider this: you are well aware that there are children starving all over the world. Do you contribute funds to that cause?
If not, have you chosen to let people starve? Is that your will, Vooks?Click to expand...
You are imposing a term from a System of Theology that is irrelevant in regards to those who are lost and will not be saved. If one were "irresistibly drawn," then the result would be salvation, not eternal separation.Click to expand...
Let me rephrase the question;
Does God draw ALL men to him not willing that any may perish?
I would agree with your statement, though, only those saved could be viewed as irresistibly drawn, but that does not change the fact that Christ stated He would draw all men unto Himself if He was lifted up. What this has relevance to is the fact that God gives the opportunity to all men to be saved, but not all men will receive the Truth.Click to expand...
Does God draw ALL men to him equally?
And that is not the case. This ascribes to God the fate of those eternally separated, leaving out the fact that God gives to all men, in All Ages, opportunity to obey His will, which I will remind you has been progressively revealed throughout the Ages, culminating in the Revelation of the Mystery of the Gospel in this Age. In the Ages which preceded this one men were not privy to that Mystery, yet still had revelation from God, beginning first with the direct relationship Man (Adam) had with God, which knowledge was passed down from generation to generation. But because of the fallen nature men rebelled against that knowledge, and we see the result in Genesis (near total destruction of Mankind). Then, we consider that internal witness and the testimony of Creation itself, Paul speaks about in Romans 1:19-20.Click to expand...
Does God draw ALL men alike or equally to Himself?
Or, is God's offer for salvation available to ALL men?
Then, we consider more direct revelation such as God speaking directly to men (i.e., Noah, Abraham, Moses), and giving Scripture itself.
Because of these means of revelation of the will of God, no man or woman in the History of Mankind will truthfully stand before God in Judgment and say "You never told me!"Click to expand...
So we see culpability for eternal separation always, always, always...rests on the conscience of those who refuse to obey God's will, no matter what Age, no matter what locale, because God has supplied all men with enough truth for them to be saved from eternal separation.Click to expand...
Now, one more point to reiterate on this one: we have to remember that man's condition is one of separation already. Salvation is a matter of that separation being remedied, and the only Remedy was the Cross of Christ. While the Old Testament Saint was saved from an eternal perspective, he was saved into the eternal perspective until his transgressions were redeemed by the Blood (Death) of Christ. In this Age the Comforter imparts the Gospel Truth, convicting men specifically of their sin and that Christ died to save them from their sin.
That was not the case in the Old Testament, where the realization of the promises of God awaited this Age. Just like we await the realization of the redemption of our bodies.
Continued...Click to expand... -
Just investigating a function,
[COMMENT]to see if it is what I think it is...[/COMMENT] -
[H]Experimenting again...[/H]
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vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:Darrell C said: ↑
I was speaking about eternal separation, Vooks. That choice is made in the physical lives of men, not after they die. So my intention in my response is that no, not all men are successful in rejecting the Ministry of the Comforter.
Click to expand...Click to expand...
Nobody suggested that ALL men are successful in rejecting the ministry of the Comforter,Click to expand...
vooks said: ↑the fact that some do is all it takes to prove that the drawing is either partial or not irresistible contrary to your claim that it is.Click to expand...
Our discussion here would cease to be an ongoing issue if you would just acknowledge one point I have made repeatedly: you are putting the cart before the horse and arguing (1) about an issue that falls after the point in time when Free Will is relevant, and (2) against issues that are not relevant to my own Soteriology.
In other words, to simplify, the point you keep missing is that you are debating about whether man makes a choice in salvation and that is not the focal point. The focal point is whether he has that ability when the time comes for him to decide. And he does not come to that point until first he hears the Gospel, believes it, and the chooses.
But this post brings up an another assumption on your part that I think will help us to move on, hopefully, to get a better understanding of the focal issues. One being, I have never denied that men make a choice. But, what I am denying is the concept that it is within the natural framework of man that this decision is made. It is only within the framework of that point when men are brought under conviction, which necessitates God's intervention prior to choosing.
vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:The point is that among the Elect there is not a uniform pattern of salvation, meaning, it is not a matter of everyone hears the Gospel, has it revealed as truth, and immediately yields to God and obeys the Gospel.
For some it will take years of conviction, until finally they do yield. That a man can rebel against God's will is apparent throughout Scripture, Jonah possibly being the greatest example. Here we have a man directly spoken to by God, and instead of saying, "Okay, Lord, I will do as you ask," he heads in the opposite direction.
Click to expand...Click to expand...
You are missing the point bro. It is not about how long one resists the truth, but the fact that some perish revisiting the irresistible drawing to their death.Click to expand...
The point being missed is not about whether men can resist or receive the truth, the point missed is that the Truth is not something men are aware of until God shows it to them as truth.
I have never said anything about a concept that implies an "irresistible drawing" of all men. This is a blending of Biblical statements that can in no passage in Scripture be seen to teach the concept you are arguing.
Continued... -
vooks said: ↑Now that you have injected another vocabulary , the 'elect', permit me to ask a few questions;
1. Who are the elect?Click to expand...
We can say of those who were justified by faith in the Old Testament, yet were not forgiven their sins and reconciled to God through the Cross that they were of the Elect.
Technically one is not among the Elect until salvation, but, from an eternal perspective God has known His Elect before the foundations of the world were laid. This is an issue that involves the foreknowledge of God as well as His will, rather than separating the two to create an exclusivity that denies that God so loved the world that He sent His Son.
vooks said: ↑2. Do we have non-elect?Click to expand...
vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:And just like Jonah, when God speaks to every man and woman, it is understood that the truth is being revealed. Jonah knew for certain that if he obeyed God, Nineveh would repent. He did not want that to happen.
Click to expand...Click to expand...Click to expand...
While we might not view the internal witness or the testimony of Creation to be a literal speaking, it is still considered revelation to men for the purpose of obedience to His will, no matter what the will of those Eras might be.
That is made clear here in regards to Gentiles who did not have the specific will of God as found in the Word of God which had been given to Israel:
Romans 2:13-15
King James Version (KJV)
13 (For not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified.
14 For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves:
15 Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another)
In view are Gentiles who, despite not having (the Covenant of) Law, which would have also included Scripture, fulfilled the Law of God.
How did they do that? Paul tells us...it was written upon their hearts. That is the internal witness also mentioned here...
Romans 1:18-20
King James Version (KJV)
18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness;
19 Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them.
20 For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse:
Note a few things...
1. The wrath of God is poured out because of unrighteousness and rejection of the truth;
2. What is known of God is manifest in them (this includes both righteous and unrighteous);
3. God showed it to them...it was not something they were born with;
And that is the focal point of our discussion, Vooks, that while you are arguing a case for men choosing (which I am not, they do choose), where you are confusing the issue is to ascribe that ability to choose to men, and overlooking that it is God that brings them to the point where they are held culpable for corrupting the truth.
Continued... -
vooks said: ↑If He does, whose fault is it that some despite being spoken to end up in hell?Click to expand...
Not God's.
If I try to pull a drowning man out of the water and he resists me, and drowns, is it my fault?
vooks said: ↑If He doesn't, how does God will that those He does not speak to not to perish yet He offers them no chance out of their circumstances?Click to expand...
Here is another analogy that might be better: there is a cousin of mine that is having a problem, and she needs help.
How terrible of you to not care.
;)
You see the truth is, you could not make a decision to help my cousin because...you were not aware of her need until just now when you read it in this post, right? At this point you can make a decision to help her or not. Was it in your ability to help her before you knew she needed the help?
So to with the natural man, he has no ability to comprehend that he heeds help because he is not aware of his condition. Most feel they are okay with the general concept of Judgment, thinking of course their good deeds endear them to God. After all, they are not serial murderers or wife beaters, and even give the homeless some change once in a while.
But you and I know that sin is an issue that separates man from God, and it is not a matter of getting to a point where we work our way into relationship, but can only be saved and reconciled through what Christ has done (as opposed to what we have done or will do).
Continued... -
vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:That is correct. So being "successful" can only be determined in those who die in rebellion to the Gospel of Christ. I am not one who likes to give up on anyone. I knew a fellow who said "If I don't have them saved in five minutes I won't waste any more time on them."
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lol
vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:And you are agreeing with my primary point here: men cannot save themselves, and free will suggests they play a role.
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The "false dilemma" is not mine, for I have not denied men have a role. They do. But, that role is not ascribed with salvific connotation.
There is a "choice" between rejecting or receiving Christ, but, that choice is made after they are made aware of the truth.
vooks said: ↑An example will suffice. If a death row prisoner is pardoned by President Obama, it would not be in order for him to claim credit for his freedom seeing he walked out of his cell. He owes his freedom to the one who opened the cell door for himClick to expand...
The prisoner has a role but no-one could say he saved himself.
But the problem with this analogy is that the prisoner, unlike the natural man, is aware of his condition. The natural man must first be brought under conviction in order for him to get to the point where he receives or rejects.
vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:But the natural man cannot understand the spiritual things of God, they do not seek after God, and the fact remains that for them to be saved they are dependent on God's intervention.
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If He did, why do they perish?Click to expand...
There are three primary means of revelation, the internal witness, the testimony of Creation, and direct revelation (i.e., God speaking to men directly, or through other men, or through Scripture). All men will in some form receive revelation by which they can come into obedience to God.
And if you think about that, and understand it, it asnwers the question posed in probably every sunday school class ever held: what about the man in the deepest darkest reaches of Africa, who never heard the Gospel? They will not be held without excuse, as Paul states in Romans 2, because they too have been given enough revelation from God to "choose" to obey.
And again, remember that this is from God, not something within their own ability.
That revelation is for the purpose that men escape eternal separation. God has and always will judge men according to their response to the revelation provided them, and for those who we could easily argue truly have not received that revelation (i.e., aborted children, young children who die, the mentally challenged), the same grace that kept Old Testament Saints from eternal separation will also be applied to them.
vooks said: ↑If He didn't, can we blame the very God who wills not that they perish for not intervening and saving them?Click to expand...
Consider this again:
Romans 1:18-20
King James Version (KJV)
18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness;
19 Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them.
20 For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse:
Now if they are without excuse, Vooks, that means they are...guilty.
And we need but see what Paul states to see what they are guilty of.
vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:The glorious truth of the Gospel and the New Covenant is that men are not "left to their own devices," but enjoy the intervention of God. This is the Biblical pattern since Adam. What man of the faithful took the initiative to get up and go out and find God? Which was not first found by God, and then brought into relationship?
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We know this because they would not be guilty of rejecting the Truth if they had not first received it.
Peter speaks about this here:
2 Peter 2:20-21
King James Version (KJV)
20 For if after they have escaped the pollutions of the world through the knowledge of the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, they are again entangled therein, and overcome, the latter end is worse with them than the beginning.
21 For it had been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than, after they have known it, to turn from the holy commandment delivered unto them.
While this is specific to this Age, because it refers to the Knowledge of Christ, it still represents the basic principle seen throughout Scripture in regards to man's response to the revelation of God.
Here we see that those who are spoken in a context incontrovertibly as being those who will be eternally separated...received the Truth but turned from it.
This is no less than that which Christ teaches in regards to the Ministry of the Comforter. And that enlightenment is just like the enlightenment Stephen accused Israel of resisting, that which the Holy Ghost imparted to them.
Continued... -
vooks said: ↑If He did, why do they perish?Click to expand...
vooks said: ↑Isn't the intervention sufficient or what?Click to expand...
Think about it: you are defending free will yet denying free will at the same time. The intervention consists of revelation of God's will, which in this Age is for men to turn to Christ in faith. They are shown they are sinners, destined for Hell, and that Christ can save them.
They resist the Holy Ghost.
vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:Yet we know that the many will perish, don't we?
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vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:God is not held responsible for men rejecting truth and refusing to obey Him. When you tell a child not to do something, you express your will to that child, and you have the authority to enforce that will. But that does not mean the child will obey. And God is just, He would not demand obedience in something that He knows has an impossible outcome. We do not, for example, demand a first grader get straight As in Algebra, because it is beyond their capacity. But, the first grader is taught and when the understanding is provided them, then the good grades are demanded.
No different in regards to God's will. Men are not born with that capacity but are taught. We have the ABCs provided which are the internal witness, the testimony of Creation, and then finally specific teaching. Yet all along the man is not left to teach himself something he cannot possibly learn, he has a Teacher that comes and enlightens his mind whereby he gains the ability to take the proper course.
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vooks said: ↑Why would you not call this response, man's role in his salvation?Click to expand...
vooks said: ↑If man has no role to play in his salvation, he'd be saved regardless of how he responds to the truth, or God would orchestrate the right response in him.Click to expand...
vooks said: ↑But if this is so, then for those who perish, God NEVER orchestrated the right response...How are they to blame!Click to expand...
He does not. He reveals the Truth and allows man to respond accordingly. God does not force the response either way. THough I will say, it would make as much sense to reject God as it would to reject a hand trying to save you from drowning.
But that again shows the desperate nature of man.
vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:I believe this is a moot point for the Elect. Of course those who are known to God will not resist, ultimately. Again, that doesn't mean they don't during the process of the conviction they are brought under.
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vooks said: ↑Are there some who are not elect?Click to expand...
vooks said: ↑Whose fault is it they are not elect?Click to expand...
vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:And that is the only "free will" that the natural man has the inherent ability to exercise. They are the ones who decide to reject God.
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Then comes the decision.
vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:Again, you are prescribing ability. That is not correct. They do not choose something, they reject something. That something, in this Age, is the Ministry of the Comforter. If I come to you and say "Hey Vooks, I am going to show you how to fix your heating system so you don't freeze to death," and you say, "No thanks, I think things will work out just fine, " and you do freeze to death, would you ascribe ability to perform that which would have kept you from perishing to yourself?
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Here is your lack of understanding of how a heating system works. I am the one with the knowledge of the system trying to tell you what must be done in order to save your life. If you reject that help I am not to blame, right?
vooks said: ↑Rejecting something is a choice. One can only successfully reject something if they have the option of accepting or rejecting it. It is a decision making process sir. Rejecting something is choosing something sirClick to expand...
Understand? So we see that the "option" does not arise from man's will, but God's.
vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:It's no different with the Gospel of Christ. Natural man cannot understand it as truth, because they reject it as truth. In that conviction we are told the Comforter would convict of sin, righteousness, and judgment. I think the primary issues involved there are the conviction that we are sinners who will be eternally separated, and are headed for judgment. Christ is righteous, we are not, and this is acknowledged, and acted upon. The only recourse is to cry out to God and receive Christ.
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Continued... -
vooks said: ↑Does God irresistibly draw men if He draws some who reject Him?Click to expand...
Which is a tad off topic, by the way, lol.
Just because some teach irresistible grace does not mean we have to cloud the issues in view by incorporating their concept into it.
vooks said: ↑Darrell C said:And just as you did not know how to fix your heating system, natural men are not aware of their sin and it's penalty. To them it is a fairy tale, but, to the one who has this revealed as truth to them...it is not.
God bless.
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vooks said: ↑Does God irresistibly draw men to Him or do they have a choice in the matter?Click to expand...
John 6:44
King James Version (KJV)
44 No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him: and I will raise him up at the last day.
In the argument for free will there is a contradiction of Christ to be found. One which implies that men are not drawn, but themselves decide to seek out God.
Scripture makes it clear in both Old and New Testament...
Romans 3:10-18
King James Version (KJV)
10 As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one:
11 There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God.
12 They are all gone out of the way, they are together become unprofitable; there is none that doeth good, no, not one.
13 Their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips:
14 Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness:
15 Their feet are swift to shed blood:
16 Destruction and misery are in their ways:
17 And the way of peace have they not known:
18 There is no fear of God before their eyes.
We do not nullify the fact that men are called to make a decision, and that is to believe on the name of Jesus Christ. However, neither do we nullify man's condition and the clear statement of Scripture that the natural man does not have an ability to believe on Christ apart from the revelation of God. The reason for that is that we are told he is not capable of receiving or knowing the spiritual things of God. That is revealed to him by the Spirit of God...always.
God bless. -
Hark said: ↑I have heard that Catholics do not view the Eucharist as "another" sacrifice for sins to receive again, however the wording is there in another way. They are making the one time sacrifice for sins "present" and thus they are receiving that offering "again".Click to expand...
What group do you belong to, if any (though I remember you saying you are not part of a fellowship right now, so this may not be a good example), and do you embrace everything they teach. Better yet, what group were you a part of, and is it safe to say you objected to at least part of their teaching?
The same is true for Catholics, who have individual understanding of Catholic Doctrines. Secondly, even among those who call themselves Catholic, there is a variety to be found. Just as there are Charismatics who call themselves "Baptist," even so there are Catholic groups that are charismatic.
I have spoken with a fair amount of Catholics, and they are as diverse as the Baptists here are, lol. Ranging from conservative to fanatical, and even to Charismatic. One person endorsed Mary as the co-Redemptrix, whereas most Catholics I have spoken to maintain a simple honoring of Mary in the significant role she plays in redemptive history.
So in regards to transubstantiation, not all Catholics embrace a view that it literally becomes the blood and body of Christ, nor that it sustains eternal life. But Catholic Doctrine is geared towards creating a works-based mentality into it's adherents, so we are not surprised when this doctrine becomes one that compliments works-based salvation.
Hark said: ↑http://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-te...techism-of-the-catholic-church/epub/index.cfm
Quote below is from this link above:
"The Holy Sacrifice, because it makes present the one sacrifice of Christ the Savior and includes the Church’s offering. The terms holy sacrifice of the Mass,“sacrifice of praise,” spiritual sacrifice, pure and holy sacrifice are also used,150since it completes and surpasses all the sacrifices of the Old Covenant."Click to expand...
I don't usually spend a great deal of time trying to debunk what is false about specific denominations, but choose rather to focus on what is true. As one man who dealt with counterfeit money replied when asked if he studied counterfeit money, "No, I study real currency, so when I see the counterfeit I am able to recognize it."
So too, if we focus on understanding what is in the Word, when we run into the counterfeit we are able to recognize it.
Again, the faith of those of any given group is always so diverse it becomes pointless trying to battle the errors of that group. Better to focus on what is valid itself, and taken directly from Scripture.
Hark said: ↑Making something inanimate "holy" and having His Presence is what idolatry is.Click to expand...
Secondly, I could understand someone confusing Christ's presence with Communion, for truly Christ is present. For this to be idolatry then I would think that worship would be transferred to the elements, but it is not. In general worship is still ascribed to Christ, and the error lies primarily in the notion that the elements either contribute or sustain eternal life. Rather than idolatry, I see this as simply ignorance or confusion, which I would again remind you is where we all start. I was never in fear of losing salvation when I was a babe in Christ due to ignorance, nor even due to weakness in obedience. So I can have compassion on those who are under poor teaching, but believe that God rewards those who are diligent in their efforts to know truth. And the fact remains, most in the average congregation, no matter which group we might examine, are ignorant of Scripture and most do not have a faith that is their own, derived from Study, but have basically borrowed the faith of those who instruct them.
It's kind of like people's kids. Usually they embrace the beliefs of their parents. We find someone who is racist, and his parent/s was were racist usually.
Hark said: ↑using it as an offering of the one time sacrifice for sins made present, and thus "holy" to receive again is transubstantiation.Click to expand...
Hark said: ↑The one time sacrifice for sins can only be received one time as we are forever sanctified after that; and ( as a reminder for our readers ) that can only be received by believing in Him.Click to expand...
And this is where Catholics fail, they do not understand positional sanctification as opposed to progressive sanctification. For many of them, salvation is something that comes after a successful course. Very sad, but, for those who are actually saved among them, they will still be saved regardless. And like those who teach loss of salvation, most will never think they are one of the ones who will fail, lol.
Hark said: ↑Could you explain why Paul said this in 1 Corinthians 10:22 ? This is why I think Paul was talking about communion taken in the wrong way as if it was believers taking communion in the wrong way, thinking that we are stronger than the Lord.Click to expand...
Hark said: ↑I thank you for your patience in sharing with me edification and corrections. May God bless you too.Click to expand...
God bless. -
Darrell C said: ↑We know this because they would not be guilty of rejecting the Truth if they had not first received it.
Peter speaks about this here:Click to expand...
King James Version (KJV)
20 For if after they have escaped the pollutions of the world through the knowledge of the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, they are again entangled therein, and overcome, the latter end is worse with them than the beginning.
21 For it had been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than, after they have known it, to turn from the holy commandment delivered unto them.
While this is specific to this Age, because it refers to the Knowledge of Christ, it still represents the basic principle seen throughout Scripture in regards to man's response to the revelation of God.
Here we see that those who are spoken in a context incontrovertibly as being those who will be eternally separated...received the Truth but turned from it.
This is no less than that which Christ teaches in regards to the Ministry of the Comforter. And that enlightenment is just like the enlightenment Stephen accused Israel of resisting, that which the Holy Ghost imparted to them.Click to expand...
These saved believers,, whatever sinful state they were in before they were saved, will find themselves in a worse state in this life when they are overcome by sowing to the flesh in reaping corruption like that.
That would be one example why saved believers would be left behind. As Paul would teach excommunication of an unrepentant brother, so will God do when He comes to judge His House at the pre trib rapture. -
Hark said: ↑2 Peter 2:20-21
King James Version (KJV)
20 For if after they have escaped the pollutions of the world through the knowledge of the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, they are again entangled therein, and overcome, the latter end is worse with them than the beginning.
21 For it had been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than, after they have known it, to turn from the holy commandment delivered unto them.
I do not believe Peter was talking about nonbelievers rejecting the truth. I believe Peter was talking about saved believers that had "escaped" the pollution of this world by having been saved, and then, as warned to the churches at Galatia, if they sow to the flesh, they will reap corruption.
These saved believers,, whatever sinful state they were in before they were saved, will find themselves in a worse state in this life when they are overcome by sowing to the flesh in reaping corruption like that.
That would be one example why saved believers would be left behind. As Paul would teach excommunication of an unrepentant brother, so will God do when He comes to judge His House at the pre trib rapture.Click to expand...
Secondly, we see that the context is one of false teachers, which are correlated to false prophets. We would have to equally ascribe relationship to God to the false prophets they are compared to if we are to ascribe relationship to these false teachers.
What is in view are those who have received the truth, yet turn away from it. The fact that they infiltrate the body of Christ does not mean they are born again believers.
Consider:
2 Peter 2
King James Version (KJV)
1 But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that bought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction.
2 And many shall follow their pernicious ways; by reason of whom the way of truth shall be evil spoken of.
3 And through covetousness shall they with feigned words make merchandise of you: whose judgment now of a long time lingereth not, and their damnation slumbereth not.
Just not reasonable to ascribe salvation to these fellows.
In the parallel passage found in Jude, it becomes, as it does here, clear that in view is eternal separation which never changed in their lives, meaning, we do not have those who were saved and then lost that salvation and are then damned, but those who were damned all along.
It's a great study, though, and helps us to address the false doctrine of annihilation.
For example, Peter goes on to say...
2 Peter 2
King James Version (KJV)
4 For if God spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down to hell, and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment;
17 These are wells without water, clouds that are carried with a tempest; to whom the mist of darkness is reserved for ever.
Jude 6
King James Version (KJV)
6 And the angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the judgment of the great day.
13 Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.
For both the false teachers/believers and demons, the same fate awaits. Their reservation is quite unlike that of believers:
1 Peter 1:3-5
King James Version (KJV)
3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead,
4 To an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for you,
5 Who are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.
It is by ignoring the context in which my original quote stands in, that of an address of false teachers who will be among believers, could we possibly construe a context of a believer or believers falling away from the faith and losing salvation. Secondly, we would also have to ignore one of the very first things Peter teaches concerning believers, which verifies we are born again by the resurrection of Christ, that our reservation is secure, our inheritance is secure, and that we are kept by the power of God (as opposed to ourselves keeping ourselves through our works.
But take a look at it and tell me what you think, whether you would ascribe a saving experience to those Peter and Jude speak of. It would seem that their fate is foretold, and this tells us whether they are born again or not.
I would just throw this in, since we have strayed from the topic quite a bit: Peter, in the First Chapter, refers to the New Birth twice. The first time in v.3 above, and then here:
1 Peter 1:22-23
King James Version (KJV)
22 Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, see that ye love one another with a pure heart fervently:
23 Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.
Now contrast obedience to the Gospel seen here, and the turning away of the Holy Commandment of the false teachers. It is unlikely that if Peter intended to imply that the false teachers had been born again, then turned away, that he would have failed to mention that somewhere. But he makes it clear, drawing a parallel to the false prophets of the Old Testament (who no-one confuses as belonging to God), that we the Body are to understand that false teachers will arise.
God bless. -
Darrell C said: ↑Here is a lesson the Lord has taught me in Forum Discussion, Hark: we have to keep in mind that just because someone claims to be of a particular group does not mean that (1) they actually understand the actual doctrine of the group, (2) they properly represent the doctrine of the group, (3) or that they embrace all teachings of the group.Click to expand...
What group do you belong to, if any (though I remember you saying you are not part of a fellowship right now, so this may not be a good example), and do you embrace everything they teach. Better yet, what group were you a part of, and is it safe to say you objected to at least part of their teaching?Click to expand...
So, yes, I understand that Protestant churches are not on their toes either as signs of the times are showing apostasy abounding every where.
In the thread "It's What You Do" by Protestant, he and I are in a sort of a disagreement about that issue that Protestant churches are not exactly taking the Berean approach in proving everything by the scripture. Not sure how the Lord will lead me in that or whether I should withdraw from it before the discussion becomes an argument, and thus not fruitful to anyone.
The same is true for Catholics, who have individual understanding of Catholic Doctrines. Secondly, even among those who call themselves Catholic, there is a variety to be found. Just as there are Charismatics who call themselves "Baptist," even so there are Catholic groups that are charismatic.
I have spoken with a fair amount of Catholics, and they are as diverse as the Baptists here are, lol. Ranging from conservative to fanatical, and even to Charismatic. One person endorsed Mary as the co-Redemptrix, whereas most Catholics I have spoken to maintain a simple honoring of Mary in the significant role she plays in redemptive history.
So in regards to transubstantiation, not all Catholics embrace a view that it literally becomes the blood and body of Christ, nor that it sustains eternal life. But Catholic Doctrine is geared towards creating a works-based mentality into it's adherents, so we are not surprised when this doctrine becomes one that compliments works-based salvation.Click to expand...
With this quote it seems as though Christ's Sacrifice is still in view. I don't think they are saying that Communion itself surpasses all sacrifices of the Old Covenant, making it an actual sacrifice itself.Click to expand...
I don't usually spend a great deal of time trying to debunk what is false about specific denominations, but choose rather to focus on what is true. As one man who dealt with counterfeit money replied when asked if he studied counterfeit money, "No, I study real currency, so when I see the counterfeit I am able to recognize it."
So too, if we focus on understanding what is in the Word, when we run into the counterfeit we are able to recognize it.
Again, the faith of those of any given group is always so diverse it becomes pointless trying to battle the errors of that group. Better to focus on what is valid itself, and taken directly from Scripture.Click to expand...
But Paul does not speak of this in the quote you gave. The meat is not said to be animate, but given significance because it is offered to idols. His point remains "if anything was to be considered holy because of Who it is offered to, this would have been true of the sacrifices offered to God by the Levitical Priesthood. But they ate of those sacrifices, which means the meat was still...just meat."Click to expand...
21 Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord's table, and of the table of devils.
I do not believe the Gentiles are doing anything like that which mirrors communion symbolically.
Then there is that verse;
22 Do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? are we stronger than he?
Which is why I believe it infers communion as if we are stronger than the Lord to offer Him up as a sacrifice again to be received in that manner.
I do not see verse 22 applying to meat offered unto other idols. The accusation for judgment was how the Gentiles were doing communion.
Secondly, I could understand someone confusing Christ's presence with Communion, for truly Christ is present.Click to expand...
2 Corinthians 13:5 Examine yourselves, whether ye be in the faith; prove your own selves. Know ye not your own selves, how that Jesus Christ is in you, except ye be reprobates?
1 John 4:3 And every spirit that confesseth not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh is not of God: and this is that spirit of antichrist, whereof ye have heard that it should come; and even now already is it in the world. 4 Ye are of God, little children, and have overcome them: because greater is he that is in you, than he that is in the world.
If our words are to match our faith, Christ's Presence cannot be in that place whenever serving communion. I can see why Paul says to flee idolatry.
For this to be idolatry then I would think that worship would be transferred to the elements, but it is not. In general worship is still ascribed to Christ, and the error lies primarily in the notion that the elements either contribute or sustain eternal life. Rather than idolatry, I see this as simply ignorance or confusion,Click to expand...
To be continued... God be willing...
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