Japanese is considered by many to be the most difficult written language in the world:
1. Two (count 'em!) syllable alphabets, each 46 characters.
2. Over 2000 Chinese characters, some with up to 20 different pronunciations. (Chinese only has one way to say each character.)
3. Thousands of loan words from Chinese, English and other languages.
4. A vertical society with various different levels of politeness.
5. Classical, literary and colloquial versions of the language.
Would it then be the difficultly of the host language, or are concepts easier to translate from the Greek into other languages?
I guess what I am asking is that if you knew the native language intimately, and knew the biblical language intimately, would Japanese be the hardest language due to the constraints of the language.
In some ways it seems that a less articulate language would prove more difficult...but I am not a translator and I barely know English (which is my 1st and only language) so I don't count on my reasoning.
I think I get what you are saying. The OP spoke of languages "translated now," which I took to mean languages already with a written language.
To me, the most difficult task in all in the field of Bible translation is that of the tribal translator, who before even beginning his or her translation must decipher the grammar and semantics (meanings), write their own dictionary and grammar book, learn the spoken literature (stories passed down) and finally begin to translate.
Having said that, once the above is all finished, the target language may be comparatively simple or it may be difficult. That is, the actual translation work may be comparatively easy. An early translation of the Bible was into Old Church Slavonic, which happened to be extremely similar to Greek. Along that line, Chinese has a similar sentence structure to English. However, a tribal language may be very difficult in structure. (Being tribal does not make it a primitive language.)
I am not sure that my next question will be coherent (if not, just ignore).
But I’ll ask anyway.
Do you find that it is necessary to create words (somehow symbolize ideas) to represent biblical truths in a meaningful form in the native language?
The reason that I ask is that I was wondering about languages that do not naturally represent ideas that are expressed in the biblical language (I do realize the inadequacy that English poses to express biblical language).
I am thinking of how many English speaking people (myself included) desire a word for word translation when the language does not necessarily have the vocabulary to accommodate such a translation.
From what I've heard, mostly from Wycliffe friends or other Bible translation missionary types, Oriental languages are the hardest. JoJ has given some great information here.
Fortunately, Protestant Christianity has been in Japan for 150 years, so the needed theological terms are not only already in Japanese, sometimes we have a couple of different choices, and the dictionaries will list them and note that they are "Christian terms." In fact, I have three Japanese-English theological dictionaries.
These theological terms are often unknown to the general non-Christian public, so the lost Japanese or new Christian gives the meaning to the word as explained by the missionary. I've often been able to explain "righteousness" (義) to a lost Japanese, giving it the Bible meaning by explaining the "radicals" (elements) of the character.
English is a different ball game, with some new translations inventing new terms or phrases the translators think explain the meaning better. I'm ambivalent about this, but I will note that the general American populace is more and more heathen, allowing the pastor and believers to explain the term Biblically and correctly to lost Americans, just as I can to lost Japanese.
Unwritten tribal languages are where your point has the most meaning. I believe that in such languages, rather than using a phrase to translate as in some efforts, a new word should be coined, maybe even a loan word transliterated from Hebrew or Greek or English. The advantage to this is that the word is originally neutral to the tribal people, allowing it to receive the correct theological meaning as taught by the missionary.
Asian languages (and Amer-Indian languages such as Navajo) are in different language families than the usual Indo-European languages Americans are most used to (Greek, Spanish, French, German, even Bengali), so they are usually completely different from English in grammar.
Jive is a dialect of English. So it would be a different ball of wax than normal English. A stiff upper lip would be needed to translate it. I think the translator would have to work like a dog to get it done, but it would be as fun as a barrel of monkeys.
OCS was a 9th century language, and the Russian language has developed quite a bit since then. However, Russian is still an Indo-European language, meaning any Asian language (outside of Indian Sanskrit types) will be quite a bit harder to translate into than Russian. I don't think Russian would be one of the most difficult to translate into, personally, even within the Indo-European family.